Immunological characterization of monoclonal antibodies used in rapid influenza diagnostic test for detection of the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection.

Since 2009 pandemic, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDT) have been developed for specific diagnosis of pandemic virus infection. Most mAbs poorly marked because of the urgency during a pandemic. Further characterization of mAbs to RIDTs would be beneficial to understand the immunological properties of the pandemic virus and take advantage of mAbs for other research purposes.

In this study, it was confirmed that the two mAbs (I38 and D383) in RIDT diagnostics capable of detecting viruses H1N1pdm09 H1N1pdm09 through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence test (IFA). Also, two mAbs exhibited reactivity hemagglutinins (HA) from both H1N1pdm09 and the 1918 H1N1 virus; therefore, RIDT using mAbs can detect HA of H1N1pdm09 and also the 1918 H1N1 like strains.

In an extension of our previous study, the epitope (Sa sites antigenic and interface areas of F ‘and subdomain esterase vestigial on the domain HA1 of the HA of H1N1pdm09) recognized by mAbs amplified in depth by IFA with escape-mutant mAbs and mapping epitopes the crystal structure of the human H1N1 virus HA. Collectively, these results suggest that the mAbs to RIDT may be suitable for use in studying the properties of immunology of viral H1N1pdm09 and that Sa sites antigenic and interfacial area between F ‘and esterase vestigial subdomains on influenza virus HA recognized by mAbs that immunologically conserved regions between H1N1pdm09 and 1918 H1N1.


Determination of serum autoantibodies against antigens of complex liver using enzyme immunoassay and immunoblot allows for increased frequency identification overlap syndrome during autoimmune liver disorders and early diagnostics, which has clinics, diagnostic and prognostic great importance. The level of autoantibodies overlap combining with biochemical indices and with disease activity and the intensity of the autoimmune process during overlap syndrome of primary biliary cirrhosis / autoimmune hepatitis (PBC / AIH).

 Immunological characterization of monoclonal antibodies used in rapid influenza diagnostic test for detection of the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection.
Immunological characterization of monoclonal antibodies used in rapid influenza diagnostic test for detection of the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection.

when immunological and molecular tools for leptospirosis: diagnostics, vaccine design, and biomarkers to predict the severity.

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease spirochaetal endemic in many tropical countries. Basic research on leptospirosis is not as strong as other tropical infections such as malaria. However, it is a deadly infection that can affect many vital organs in severe forms, causing multi-organ dysfunction syndrome and death. There are many gaps in knowledge about the pathophysiology of leptospirosis and host immune role in causing symptoms. This blocking an important step in combating the disease, such as developing potential vaccines.

Another major problem with leptospirosis is the lack of easy to carry, accurate diagnostic tests. Many doctors in resource-limited settings resorts for clinical assessment in the diagnosis of leptospirosis. This is unfortunate, because many other diseases such as dengue fever, hantavirus, rickettsial infection, and even severe bacterial sepsis, leptospirosis can emulate. Another interesting issue is the prediction of disease severity at the beginning of the disease.

Mouse Cholesterol ELISA ELISA

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Human IL-17E ELISA Kit ELISA kit

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Beta2-Microglobulin ELISA kit ELISA Kit

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Chicken thrombomodulin,TM ELISA KIT ELISA

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Sheep Connexin 40 ELISA kit ELISA kit

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EF017649 96 Tests
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Hepc ELISA Kit| Rat Hepcidin ELISA Kit

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EF019531 96 Tests
EUR 826.8

INS ELISA Kit| Sheep Insulin ELISA Kit

EF019543 96 Tests
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EF019546 96 Tests
EUR 826.8

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EUR 826.8

Lep ELISA Kit| Bovine Leptin ELISA Kit

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EUR 826.8

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EUR 826.8

NDP ELISA Kit| Bovine Norrin ELISA Kit

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EUR 826.8

LD ELISA Kit| chicken Formin ELISA Kit

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ZYX ELISA Kit| chicken Zyxin ELISA Kit

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Most patients recover from leptospirosis with only a mild febrile illness, while others have severe disease with multi-organ failure. The clinical picture is a poor predictor of the potential severity of the infection, and because the search is for a potential biomarker that may serve as an early warning for severe disease. This review concentrates on three important aspects of these neglected tropical diseases: diagnostics, vaccine development, and potential biomarkers to predict the severity of the disease.