Diagnostic performance of two specific Schistosoma japonicum immunological tests for screening Schistosoma haematobium in school children in Zambia.
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Diagnostic performance of two specific Schistosoma japonicum immunological tests for screening Schistosoma haematobium in school children in Zambia.
Dipstick Dye Immunoassay (DDIA) and directly Haemagglutination Assay (IHA), two kits are commercially available that has been widely used for the screening of Schistosoma japonicum in the People’s Republic of China. Whether they can be used for screening of Schistosoma haematobium unclear. In order to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency DDIA and IHA for screening Schistosoma haematobium, serum samples were collected from students in endemic areas in Zambia, South Africa, and tested by DDIA and IHA with a single-blind manner. Meanwhile, the students are microscopically examined by Schistosoma infection and soil-transmitted worms, visually observed for parasite eggs.
Of the 148 students enrolled, 61% tested positive for S. haematobium infection, while 31% and 36% of students were infected with hookworm and Ascaris respectively. Regarding the parasitological tests as reference standards, for the diagnosis of S. haematobium infection, IHA carried higher sensitivity (74%, 95% CI: 65% -83%) compared DDIA (60%, 95% CI: 49% – 70%) , DDIA IHA sensitivity and significantly higher in students aged 10-14 years compared to 7-9 years old group. The specificity DDIA and IHA is 61% (95% CI: 49% -74%) and 72% (95% CI: 60% -84%), respectively. Co-infection with decreased specificity STHs DDIA but has no impact on that IHA. Our study shows that IHA has more potential as an alternative diagnostic tool to identify schistosomiasis haematobium but needs further improvement.
paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) and autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a rare neurological disorder, which has similar symptoms, but vary in results and treatment strategies. In a retrospective statistical study we evaluate the results of the test serum and CSF autoantibodies from patients suspected PNS 2362 and 1034 patients with suspected AE. For testing of autoantibodies, immunoblot assay (PNS) and cell-based indirect immunofluorescence assay (AE) used. Autoantibodies present in 8% of patients with suspected PNS: anti-Yo> anti-Hu> anti-MA2> anti-CV2> anti-titin> anti-Zic4> anti-amphiphysin> anti-Ri> anti-GAD65> anti Sox1> anti-recoverin.
Most of the older women who are affected. Autoantibodies present in 5.8% of patients with suspected AE: anti-NMDAR (young women)> anti-LGI1 (middle-aged men)> anti-GABABR (elderly man)> anti-Caspr2 (men). our results are in accordance with the data described in the literature. The number of patients suspected civil servants and AE showed an upward trend, in which the testing of autoantibodies with modern laboratory diagnostic methods to help in the early introduction of appropriate therapy.
Diagnostic performance of two specific Schistosoma japonicum immunological tests for screening Schistosoma haematobium in school children in Zambia.
[Morphology and immunological variation of Borrelia burgdorferi and diagnostic methods].
diagnostic problems observed in patients infected with Borrelia burgdorferi is a significant barrier for therapeutic decision making. It seems that the pathogen is characterized by morphological and immunological variation in a certain stage of development.
Bacteria have the ability to morphological changes into the cell wall of a shortage of spheroplast, L-shape, bleb-like spirochetes, and cysts body / round shape. It also has the ability to create a biofilm, which is the main barrier to the antibiotic.
Bacteria are characterized by significant heterogeneity and polymorphism of the antigen, which greatly inhibited detailed definition of pathogens, since antibodies produced may differ significantly from the accepted patterns and also cause cross reactions. The above conditions affecting the reliability of diagnostic tests, particularly screening, which can lead to incorrect treatment decisions.
